t[yirfTD-BOO|( 



gNt-^-pf . — ft^ 



Ji]i]iA?Ohl^ 



< And the t^ 



lJ.^.]\[aval^cademy. 



H 



^j <i 



LIS 



sscitn. 



\t?8a 



pl;in of snnspoli 



A. W. & B. station 
A. & B. S. L. Station 
Governor's House 
St. Anne's C/iurch 
Farmers National Bank 
County Court House 
Md. Hotel 
State House 
1st Methodist Church 
Lutheran Church 
Old City Hotel 
Presbyterian Church 
Si. Mary's Hall 



R. C. Church 

Market House 

Steamboat Wharf 

St. Anne's Mission Chapel 

Marine Quarters, &c. 

Naval Academy Library 

Naval Chapel 

Band Stand 

Old Fort Severn 

Officers' Quarters 

Cadets' Quarters 

Naval Armor/ 

St. John's College. 




L 
HAND-BOOK 



OF THE W Q ^ 

CITY OF ANNAPOLIS 

AND THE 

U. S. NAVAL ACADEMY 



Prepared and PnDlislied Dy tUe AME ARDNDIL COUNFY HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 



ANNArOLIS: 

MARYLAND REPUBLICAN STEAM PRESS. 

1888. 



1 



C O N X E ?^ T S , 

PREFACE. 

HISTORICAL SKETCH OF ANXAPOLTS. 

INSTITUTIONAL DESCRIPTION. 

COLONIAL BUILDINGS. 

THE STATE HOUSE. 

EXECUTIVE MANSION AND OTHER PUBLIC BUILDINGS. 

TANEY AND DEKALB. 

ST. anne's parish. 

ST. MARY's ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH. 

PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. 

METHODIST CHURCPI. 

ST. John's college. 

U. S. NAVAL ACADEMY. 

NAVAL PROVING GROUNDS AND HOSPITAL. 

Y AND jMILITARY C 

ANNAPOLIS NOTES. 



♦ PREFACE. 

Repeated deuTands by the public for a descriptive account 
of Annapolis, handy in form and more readable than are 
annals, has led the Historical Society of Anne Arundel 
County to undertake the preparation and publication of this 
work. It has been their aim to put in a brief but accurate 
form an historical description of the principal objects of in- 
terest that give to Annapolis its famous attractiveness. 
The book is especially adapted to the wants of strangers and 
chance visitors in the old city, but contains much new ma- 
terial of interest to the resident. The labors of composition 
were apportioned to different individual members, whose apt- 
itude was particularly known, and the whole revised by a 
committee of three members. It is earnestly hoped that 
this little volume will fulfil its mission and that it may meet 
the approval of the public. 
Annapolis, Apeil 2, 1888. 



CHAP TEE L 



fL p^etch of ^\^ flistory of Annapolis. 



To THAT religious toleration wliicli lias always 
been associated witli tlie early liistoiy of Mary- 
land, and to wliicli Maryland's sons have ever 
pointed witli pride, may be ascribed the found- 
ing of a city on the Severn. The years 1648-9 
witnessed the arrival of the first Annapolitans, 
a band of banished Puritans fleeing from the 
wrath of the intolerant Commonwealth of Vir- 
ginia. Their future home had been chosen for 
them by the Governor of Maryland, whose ap- 
pointment to office depended uijon his bringing 
five hundred settlers into the Province. 

Under the guidance of one Richard Bennett, 
they came up the Chesapeake in their open 
pinnaces and settled themselves upon the shores 
of Severn river. Strongly agricultural in their 
tastes these new-comers could not be induced to 



8 Hand- Boole of Annapolis. 

settle in towns, but built their houses along the 
shores of bay and river, plowing, sowing 
and reai^ing the year through. A body of stir- 
ing, active men could not, however, be without 
influence in Lord Baltimore's colony, conserva- 
tive and Roman Catholic as it was, and soon 
we find the Puritans of Severn participating in 
colonial politics. Independence in politics and 
toleration in religion they believed to be co- 
ordinate, but a too great confidence in both 
brought upon them the dislike of the Pro- 
prietor. 

Actions harmless in themselves led to an at- 
tempt on the part of the Governor and the 
people of St. Mary's to subdue the Puritan set- 
tlement and to capture their women for wives. 
On the site of Annapolis, that was to be, the 
two miniature armies met and the bloody bat- 
tle of Severn was fought, March 25, 1655. With 
the Puritans rested the victory, victory for a 
democracy that gained its final triumph in the 
war of American Revolution. Providence, the 
name applied by the Puritans to this settlement, 
became, for the time, the political head of the 
colony, and Puritan supremacy was unques- 



Hand-Book of Annapolis » 9 

tioned. Tlie control of tlie Province tliey later, 
in an amicable manner, surrendered to Lord 
Baltimore, and tlie Puritans, as rulers, disap- 
pear from Maryland history. / 

Tlie arrival of George Fox in the Province in 
1673 found at Providence, now called Anne 
Arundel county, many converts to the doctrine 
of the Friends or Quakers. The Puritan meet- 
ing-house becomes the Quaker's church and the 
learned Fox drew great crowds to hear him. 

Meanwhile the county was growing in wealth 
an-d political strength, though no town had as 
yet arisen within its limits. The site of An- 
napolis was but the terminus of a county road, 
termed a rolling-road, along which the planters 
rolled their hogsheads of tobacco on their way 
to the markets of the world. Here a few 
houses had clustered, and here Lord Baltimore's 
agents collected the export tax. 

During the period of royal Governors from 
1695 to 1715, when the Province of Maryland fell 
under the direct rule of the English Crown, An- 
napolis became a town of importance. St. Mary's, 
the seat of the Roman Catholic party, was shorn 
of its privileges and the capital of Maryland was 



10 Hand-Book of Annapolis. 

moved to Annapolis. Provincial buildings were 
liere erected, a cliurcli built and King William's 
School inaugurated. In 169 i a town govern- 
ment was given to tlie new capital and tlie fol- 
lowing year it was named Annapolis, after 
Princess, later Queen Anne, of England. Tlie 
townsmen, confident of future importance, de- 
manded in 1704 a city charter, but not until 1708 
were their hopes realized. In that year a char- 
ter was granted by Queen Anne, through Gov. 
Seymour, and Annapolis was given all the priv- 
ileges of an English city.* Artisans and trades- 
people were attracted here by the offer of town 
lots -and the privileges of citizenship. Annap- 
olis, as well, was made the chief port of the 
Province and the great tobacco crop, the staple 
of Maryland, was hence exported in great 
ships for London and Bristol. The planters of 
Maryland grew wealthy in raising a weed that 
perished in smoke in the Old World. The to- 
bacco factors built their great houses at Annap- 
olis and the planters spent the season here. 
Around the Lords Baltimore and their kindred 
Governors gathered the wit and wealth of the 
*The original Charter is preserved in the Land Office. 



Hand-Book of Annapolis. 11 

Province and tlie capital soon became tlie so- 
cial center. The annual races induced visitors 
from tlie surrounding colonies. Virginia plant- 
ers with their captious daughters would drive 
up in gilded coaches and bet away their in- 
heritances upon the English nags imported for 
the races. The stern Pennsylvania Quaker 
would occasionally appear, taking a day off and 
making business and pleasure possible at the 
same time. This love for a social existence 
gave rise to clubs among the worthy Annapoli- 
tans. The "Tuesday Club" of Annapolis became 
famous in the colonies for its hospitality and 
good-cheer, and claimed among its members 
many of the leading Americans of the day. 
The Provincial State-House became better 
known as a ball-room than a hall of legislation. 
French hair-dressers, tailors and perfumers plied 
their trades in the city, and Annapolis soon came 
to merit the name of the ''Social Athens.'^ 

In the midst of this convivial, social whirl 
the people of the colonies were suddenly con- 
fronted with the stern necessity of resistance 
to English authority, and aid was demanded of 
patriots for the embargoed cities of New Eng- 



12 Hand-Book of Annapolis. 

land. None were more prompt tlian the Anna- 
politans of tliat day. By unanimous consent 
all wasteful expenditure of money was forbid- 
den, non-importation of taxed commodities 
enjoined and large subscriptions of money for- 
warded to tlieir countrymen in distress. 

Tlie loyal citizens compelled the consignees 
of the obnoxious tea to burn the laden ship 
'Teggy Stewart" in the harbor and let their en- 
thusiasm carry them so far as to tar and feather 
the Tory residents, who had disregarded the 
common warning to leave. The War of Inde- 
pendence over, Annapolis was one of the first 
to publicly recognize the noble conduct of 
Washington, and here before Congress, the 
General-in-Chief surrendered his commission 
as chief of the American armies. 

The absolute necessity for a new Constitu- 
tion for the States induced the States of Mary- 
land and Virginia to call a convention at An- 
napolis on Sept. 13, 1786. Though but five 
States were represented, the Annapolis Con- 
vention urged upon Congress the importance 
of the measure and led directly to the calling of 
the Philadelphia Convention the following year. 



Hand-Book of AwiapoUs. 13 

Meanwhile a new town liad been growing upon 
tlie banl?:s of tlie Patapsco, and Baltimore soon 
became a rival, and tlien a leading city in tlie 
State. 

The War of 1812 was for Marylanders a con- 
tinual defence of tlieir homes, and this State, 
more than any other, suffered from the depreda- 
tion of the British cruisers. A few doughty 
citizens of Annapolis planted guns upon the 
points forming their harbor and drove the Red- 
coats down the Bay, yet the battles of Bladens- 
burg and North Point showed clearly the dan- 
ger of the State's capital. From the close of 
this war until the opening of the next, in 1861, 
Annapolis about held its own, growing but lit- 
tle in wealth or population, and rather losing 
in importance; overshadowed by the growth of 
Baltimore. Then as a U. S. military post Annap- 
olis became an encampment; as a border town it 
became the center of soldiers' hospitals and a 
'^parole" camp for the exchange of prisoners. It 
was continually menaced with attacks from 
Confederate guerrillas, and upon this account 
earth-works were thrown up to defend the city. 
Since the wir Annapolis has been steadily im- 



14 Hand-Book of Annapolis. 

proving ,^in appearance of tlie city, in public 
spirit and in wealtli. The location of tlie U. S. 
Naval Academy here lias tended to tlie develop- 
ment of a society rarely seen in tov^ns of tliis 
size. In spite of its advantages and liealtliful 
situation, tliere is a doubt wlietlier Annapolis 
will ever be a center of commerce or trade. 
De Tocqueville in 1776 saidtliat Annapolis was 
the only finished city in America, and one can- 
not but express the hope that she ^may main- 
tain her uniq^ue position and not be ^^ spoiled '' 
by the smoke, noise and rush that seem to be es- 
sentials of the modern city. The plan upon 
which Annapolis is built is quite unique among 
the checker-board cities of America. The idea 
of its cart-wheel plan, streets'radiating from a 
center point, is said to have been taken fxoTH the 
plan furnished by Sir Christopher Wren in 1666 
for the rebuilding of London^ after the great 
fire of that date. Certain it is that from his 
constant visits here General Washington be- 
came so much attached to the cart-wheel plan 
that, at his request, it was adopted as the plan 
for Washington city. 

As may be seen by reference to the accom- 



Hand-Book of AnnapoU s. 15 

panying plan tlie centers of the radiating streets 
are two - tlie State-House, or political focus, and 
St. Anne's Cliurcli, tlie religious focus. Annapo- 
lis became tlie capital of Maryland in 1694, and 
that same year the center of the English Church 
in Maryland, hence there came the rivalry be- 
tween religion and politics which necessitated 
a division of the honor of being the center of the 
Capital. 



CHATTER II. 



InBtitutioiial Description, 



The present capital of tlie State of Maryland 
lias not had a career marked by perfect stabil- 
ity. Indeed; in tlie earliest years of its exis- 
tence it was almost a toss-up whether it should 
be located at its present site or on Greenbury^s 
Point. 

As a matter of fact the first settlement in this 
immedia^te neighborhood was made at the lat- 
ter place. But, probably because all wanted 
their lots to front on the water, and all could 
not be accommodated, some paddled across the 
Severn and selected lots more to their liking, 
and possessed of that inestimable advantage, 
a water-front. 

Although there were twenty or more who 
migrated to the southern lip of the lovely Sev- 



Handr-BooJc of Annapolis. 17 

ern's moutli, tlie lot of land of only one among 
tliem, Tliomas Todd by name, can, with cer- 
tainty, be stated to liave lain within the hounds 
of the present city. 

But for many years the settlement failed to 
become a town. When the neighborhood was 
first settled it was called ^'Providence.'' Later 
it is referred to as "the Town at Proctors;'' and 
in 1694 it was called "Anne Arundel Town." 
Previous to this there had been no determinate 
form of municipal government. But in 1694 
the Lord Proprietary appointed a Commissioner 
for "Anne Arundel Town," whose duty it was 
to act in the capacity of a Mayor and exercise 
the functions of an Olficer of the Port, collect- 
ing duties on exj)orts, imports, etc. 

This state of affairs continued for about eigh- 
teen months, and then the Lord Proprietary 
appointed a committee of four, of whom the 
Governor of the Province was one, to act as a 
Town Council and administer the affairs of the 
citizens. This committee and their successors 
continued to run the town for about ten years. 

It was at this time that the seat of govern- 
ment was moved to "Anne Arundel Town," and 



18 Hand-Book of Annapolis. 

among tlie Acts of tlie first Legislature wliicli 
met here^ was one changing the name, finally, 
into '^Annapolis/^ — ^^ to be called and known by 
no other name or distinction whatever." Slowly 
the settlement had grown into a town; and, after 
fourteen years, the town received a charter 
which raised it to the dignity of a "city," and 
authorized the formation of a municipal gov- 
ernment to consist of a "Mayor, Recorder, Al- 
dermen and Common Councilmen," with suc- 
cession forever. He who first bore the honors 
of the Mayoralty was Amos Garrett, whose 
birth and death are recorded upon a slab of 
marble at the eastern end of St. Anne^s Church. 
And beneath this stone he long since found re- 
lief from the vexations of administering the af- 
fairs of a city. 

From 1708 until now Annapolis has enjoyed 
an uninterrupted life as a city. Its cha^rter has 
been somewhat changed, so tliat there is no 
longer a chamber of "Common Councilmen," but 
the "Mayor, Recorder and Aldermen" continue 
in the original succession. 

Likewise, its dignity has suffered insult at the 
hands of the Legislature ; for it has been de- 



Hand-BooJc of Annapolis. 19 

prived of its individuality and merged into 
Anne Arundel county. But tlie glory of its past 
is untarnished, and tlie virtue of its people is 
still great. 

No sketch of the place would be complete 
without a reference to its 

POPULATION ; 



Q 



but, unfortunately, this is a matter concernin 
which information is very fragmentary. 

About 1704 a visitor, writing home, describes 
the town as containing about forty houses. 
Supposing live occupants to each house, we would 
have a white population of about two hundred. 
Nothing definite in regard to this matter can be 
stated" until the year 1820, when the U. S. Cen- 
sus reports were so elaborated as to give the 
populations by counties and towns, as well as 
States. 

From 1820 till 1880 the census reports show 

the following figures : 

1820 2,309 

1830 2,623 

1840 2,792 

1850 3,011 

18()0 4.529 

1870 5,744 

1880 6,642 



20 Hand-BooTc of Annapolis. 

Estimates based on these figures would indi- 
cate a population of about 7,200 at tlie close of 
the year 1887. 

SCHOOLS. 

Owing to the fact that Annapolis was the 
seat of government for the Province, King Wil- 
liam's School was founded and established here 
in 1696. The school-house was completed in 
1701, and from ther till now education has been 
carefully guarded and the mental needs of the 
young well looked after in the city. , 

From King William's School St. John's Col- 
lege grew. In later years there have been es- 
tablished four public schools, so as to provide 
separate accommodations for each sex, of both - 
races. These, together with three parochial, 
schools and five private schools, complete the 
list of educational institutions, a list which is 
certainly large enough to meet the needs of the ^ 
present population. 

But while the intellect is thus well cared forj 
and looked after, the preservation of propert; 
from fire has not been forgotten. And all the 
more credit is due 



Hand-Book of Annapolis. 21 



because of tlie fact that it has always been a 
volunteer organization. When the first com- 
pany was organized cannot be ascertained; but 
early in the life of the city we find that the 
Council took the precaution to pass a By-law re- 
quiring every house to be furnished with fire- 
buckets and two ladders. 

This method of fighting fire was in vogue un- 
til 1755, when a great revolution was made in 
the fire department by the purchase of an "en- 
gine." A hand-engine, it is true, but one which 
gave the inhabitants such a sense of security 
from the fiery destroyer, that, in the exaltation 
of their minds they christened it the "Victory." 
At a laier period another "engine" was bought. 
The people, actuated by patriotism, named this 
one the "Maryland." Both of these historic 
relics can be seen at the headquarters of the 
"Waterwitch" Company in the First Ward, 
where they have been put under shelter and 
are in process of repair. 

These two engines, with the pressure of wa- 
ter in the mains, were the only means for com- 



22 Band-Book of Annapolis. 

bating fire until 1884. In November of that 
year, in response to a petition originated at a 
mass-meeting of citizens, tlie City Council pur- 
chased a steam fire engine of the Silsby com- 
pany. This, acting in conjunction with two 
volunteer hose compa^nies and a hook and lad- 
der company, is quite able to render all the 
protection the city may need. 

In this connection justice demands that men- 
tion be made of the fire organization connected 
with the Naval Academy. The general govern- 
ment bought a steam fire engine for the Acad- 
emy a number of years ago; and the occasions are 
more than one or two on which the officers, ca- 
dets and men stationed there have rendered 
most valuable and willing assistance to our 
citizens in the extremity of their need. • 

To combat successfully with fire, water is 
needed; and in this regard Annapolis is highly 
favored in a double sense. Besides being al- 
most entirely surrounded by tide-water there 
were in former years cisterns and wells with 
sweeps and pumps to furnish water for house- 
hold purposes. And, indeed, some few of the lat- 
ter still remain, silent witnesses of a useful past. 



Band-Book of Annapolis. 23 

In 1864 THE ANNAPOLIS WATER COMPANY 

was incorporated, with a capital stock of $61,450. 
Tlie company selected a site for the reservoir 
about four miles from town, where water could 
be obtained from an unfailing stream known 
as Spa Branch. The grade was sufficient to give 
a pressure of about thirty pounds in the mains 
in the city. The company has been very suc- 
cessful, having now nine miles of pipe in use 
and paying 6 per cent, dividends. Chemical 
analyses have proved the water to be of most 
excellent quality 

The strides taken by other cities in matters 
which relate to the public comfort and conve- 
nience can find their counterparts here. Among 
the greatest efforts of civilization have been 
those directed towards artificial lighting of 
houses and towns. And in this regard also, 
Annapolis is not behind her sister cities. 

THE ANNAPOLIS GAS-LIGHT COMPANY 

was incorporated in 1858, and on January 7, 1859, 
gas was first lighted in the city. Since then the 
service has been extended to all parts of the 
city and the works have been enlarged to double 



24 Uand-Book of Annapolis, 

their original capacity. At present there are 
about five miles of pipe down, supplying gas 
averaging about eighteen-candle power. The 
capital stock amounts to $50,000, and the com- 
pany pays regular dividends of 7 per cent, 
thereon. But, with all these advantages, Annap- 
olis has not progressed commercially as have 
other cities of the same age. Still there are 

BUSINESS INDUSTRIES 

of value located in its midst. 

The shipping of oysters to the North and 
West has, for many years, been an industry very 
profitable to those engaged in it. Thousands 
and thousands of dollars are brought into the 
city every year through this means. 

For the last two or three years the eyes of 
the people have been directed towards the man- 
ufacture of glass. A factory is in operation 
and the oflS.cers are filled with the confidence 
which attends success. 

A marine railway has been located in the sub- 
urbs of the city for a great number of years and 
carries on a flourishing business. 

The Farmers National Bank and the Annap- 



Hand-Book of Annapolis. 25 

olis Savings Institution offer every commercial 
facility for tlie transaction of ordinary busi- 
ness. 

Four printing establishments supply all the 
requirements of tlie public for work of their 
doing, as well as furnish the daily and weekly 
news. 

Annapolis is the terminus of two railroads, 
the Annapolis, Washington & Baltimore, and 
the Annapolis & Baltimore Short Line. 

AVith a harbor unsurpassed, wherein the Navy 
of the general government could find shelter, 
and with a recent large immigration of stran- 
gers, Annapolis seems to be about to take a 
great stride forward and assume a position more 
in keeping with her dignity and age. 



-o^rv^gG^^^ 



CHAPIER III. 



Coloriial flcases. 



To tlie arcliitect tlie old houses of Annapolis 
present an Interesting study and are regarded 
by men of taste as among the purest and most 
complete examples of what is known as the 
"^ Colonial Style." Of the seventeenth century 
buildings few survive here or in the State, or are 
at most so modified as to be scarcely recognizable. 
It is probable that the earliest buildings were of 
timber and of a compa^ratively temporary char- 
acter, and were replaced as wealth increased by 
more substantial structures^ in which brick 
gradually replaced wood. The transition may 
be traced even now in Annapolis. Houses en- 
tirely of wood have disappeared, but the com- 
bination of brick and frame is seen in the oldest 
examples which resist time and so-called im- 



Hand-Book of Annapolis. 2? 

provement, for this combination of solid brick 
end-walls and massive chimney-stacks filled in 
with well mortised frame work and weather- 
boarding was well adapted to a climate requir- 
ing protection from arctic blasts and torrid 
heat. The house at the corner of Church andi 
Conduit streets is an example among the oldest 
we have and suggests in some features the char- 
acter of the seventeenth century. 

The building used as the Treasury, on 8tate- 
House hill, and traditionally accepted as the 
first State House, has a decided seventeenth- 
century character and is, perhaps, among the 
very few relics of early Maryland architecture. 

The fifty years preceding the Revolution 
must have been the culminating period of co- 
lonial prosperity, for within the dates of 1720 
to 1770 we may place all the buildings in the 
Province to which we look with pride as exam- 
ples of a very pure taste and thoroughly honest 
construction. An extraordinary solidity, good 
design and elegant ornament were peculiar to 
them, in contrast with the wooden structures 
generally found in the more northern colonies. 



28 Hand-lBook of Annapolis. 

Tlie brick of wliicli tliey were always built is 
said to have come from England, and to a cer- 
tain extent probably did, as ballast was needed 
to the light cargoes of the ships which re- 
turned heavily ladened with tobacco, yet in a 
country abounding in clay it is probable that 
the needed material was burnt in kilns in the 
neighborhood. Remains of such brickyards 
are found near Annapolis. 

Of the class of houses termed " mansions ^' 
the Carroll house, now a part of the Redempt- 
orist seminary, is one of the earliest, as indi- 
c:ited by the massive simplicity of its style. 

A garden terraced towards the water was the 
usual adjunct of these homes, and while they 
had a townward entrance the more pretentious 
front generally overlooked the garden toward 
the bay. Such was the case with the house on 
Shipwright street, now used by the R. C. Sis- 
ters, said to have been built in 1750 by Dr. 
Upton Scott. Also the Carroll or McCubbin 
house, now the Public School ; the old Govern- 
ment House, now the N. A. Library, and the 
Ridout mansion. Intrinsic evidence, as shown 
in the change from a somewhat primitive con- 



Hand-Book of Annapolis. 29 

str action to the style of William and Mary, re- 
calling the Dutch taste of Hampton Court, and 
then to the Georgian, lost in turn in the greater 
elegance of the French influence of Louis XV. 
architecture, may be traced distinctly in An- 
napolis mansions. Taken in historical sequence 
we have the Tydings^ house ; the Treasury; the 
Kandall house, built 1730 by Thos. Bordley ; the 
Carroll mansion; the Brice house, corner East and 
Prince George streets, 1740 probably ; the Igle- 
hart home, Prince George street ; its opposite 
neighbor, the Paca house ; the Claude house. 
Shipwright street, and the Ridout mansion, 
Duke of Gloucester street ; the Mason house, 
built by Governor Ogle 1742, and St. John's 
College (McDowell Hall) ; the Randall house. 
Market Space, and the house of Antony Stewart, 
of '^ Peggy Stewart '' fame, Hanover street. The / 
old City Hotel,Washington'shostlery, belongs to 
an early period, while the Chase mansion, built 
by Governor Lloyd, and the Lockerman house, 
opposite, built 1770, plainly show the growth 
of French influence in plan and decoration. 

Many samples of colonial architecture equal 
to those remaining have fallen a prey to fire, 



30 Hand-Book of Annapolis. 

tli3 usual foe to our old buildings, in tlie ab- 
sence of tlie modern fire department. 
The row of stately liouses wliicli gave a cliarac- 
ter to Market Space' disappeared in tlie ni^lit 
of October 21st, 1883, and the remains of sev- 
eral solid structures have been encountered un- 
expectedly in building our new Annapolis. 
Others are a matter of tradition, and the 
oyster shucker shucks where the stately man- 
sion stood. 

In the more modern dwellings of the colonial 
period the hipped roof, similar to the French 
mansard, though without an ornamental char- 
acter, was almost universal and covered many a 
comfortable home of those days. Very massive 
chimney-stacks, often adorned with a weather- 
cock or a sun-dial, rose above the trees of the 
village-like city. One of the houses of this 
character, on Charles street, is noted as the 
printing office and dwelling of the editor of the 
Maryland Gazette, published here since 1745^: 
Another on State House circle, the Franklin 
house, is a specimen of the hipped roof colonial 
dwelling. Old Annapolis consisted mostly of 
this sensible style of building, varied occasion- 



Hand-Booh of AnnapQlis. 31 

ally by tlie very higli-pltched roof botli pictur- 
esque and suited to storm and sun. 

Most of tliese humbler dwellings have disap- 
peared, or, by the addition of a story with the 
detestable flat roof and pretentious cornice, 
have lost all architectural character. 

The varied plans and quaint appliances of 
comfort which were found in these buildings 
are now revived or copied and developed as the 
Queen Anne style, a title more applicable 
perhaps to them than to the present picturesque 
combination of different styles. 

Had the elegant design and just proportions 
of the State House, as planned by its architect, 
been appreciated and observed in subsequent 
changes we migM point with some pride -to a 
work not unworthy of Wren or his pupils. 
The dome in its general outline and the propor- 
tions and arrangement of the rotunda are all 
that remain to indicate the invention of the 
architect. It is a matter of national regret that 
the Senate Chamber, hallowed to all Americans 
as the scene of Washington's surrender of his 
military power to civil authority, should have 
lost all resemblance to the stately hall as it 



32 Hand-Boole of Annapolis, 

existed at that time. While needed repairs 
to the building were very thoroughly ex- 
ecuted they involved mutilations and archi- 
tectural inconsistencies; perhaps inseparable 
from political architecture, but giving birth to 
a new style which might be called the " Political 
Palladium," remarkable as producing the small- 
est results compatible with the greatest expendi- 
ture. 

This building, begun before the Revolution, 
was, in all probability, from the drawing of a 
pupil of Sir Christopher Wren. The decora- 
tions of the dome have lately been revived in 
London on account of their peculiar elegance. 



^'^^^^^Sj^s^^ljED 



CHAPTER IV. 



I'he ^tate J^ouse. 



TiiouGii the State-House of Maryland com- 
pares unfavorably witli tlie capitols of lier 
sister states in point of size and costliness, 
yet, standing as it does among the old edi- 
fices of Annapolis, its architecture and suit- 
ability cannot but be admired. Like the 
old houses aground it, the State House was built 
to withstand the storms of centuries and to 
remain an excellent example of an architecture 
of the past, magnificent in its day and genera- 
tion. 

The first colonial capital of Maryland was at 
St. Mary's City, in the southern part of the 
Province, but was removed to Annapolis in 1694. 
That year the first State House here was built 
upon the site of the present building, but was 
burnt in 1704. 



34 Hand- Book of Annapolis. 

The capitol built in 1704 proved in fifty years 
too small to meet tlie growing requirements of 
tlie colony and mucli too primitive in plan for 
the law-makers of that day. In 1769 it was 
torn down by order of the Assembly and re- 
placed by the present building. Seven thousand 
five hundred pounds sterling were appropriated 
by the state and the foundation stone of the 
new edifice was laid by Governor Eden, March 
2>^, 1772. The dome of the building was added 
later, and, when completed, Maryland could 
claim, probably the finest State House in 
the land. The plans of the building are sup- 
posed to have been made by a pupil of Sir 
Christopher Wren. The dimensions are : 
height, 200 feet to the arrow; front, 120 feet; 
depth, 175 feet. 

The visitor enters by the south door, im- 
mediately into the rotunda. The stucco work 
is excellent and the colors, though bright, are 
those originally used. The square panels in 
the dome were intended for frames for por- 
traits of the Governors or Proprietors of Mary- 
land, but the plan was never executed. The 
^Sepate Clwnber is to the right as you enter, Xh^ 



Hand-BooTc of Annapolis, 35 

House of Delegates to the left.* The Senate 
Chamber has a national as well as local history. 

flere, December 23, 1783, General Washington 
surrendered to Congress his commission as Qen- 
eral-in-Cliief of the American army, and, like 
Cincinnatus, retired to his country home only 
to be recalled as the first Executive of the 
American people. 

In this chamber, in 1784, the peace with Great 
Britain was ratified in the presence of Congress, 
closing the long struggle for American in- 
dependence. 

Here, in September, 1786, the first Constitu- 
tional Convention met, generally knoAvn as the 
Annapolis Convention, to frame a better form of 
government for tlie United Colonies. 

The inauguration of the Governor takes place 
in this room every four years. The Senate Cham- 
ber is 30 X 40 feet, and has seats for one Sena- 
tor from each of the tAventy-four counties and 

*Tliesc chambers are generally closed, but admission may- 
be obtained and explanations given gratis by the Janitor, 
jNI. D. Cbtiney, whose ofllce is on the left under the main 
stairs. Admission to the dome is also given by hini. 



36 Hand-Book of Annapolis. 

three from Baltimore city, Tlie benclies outside 
tlie railing may be occupied by spectators dur- 
ing tlie session. 

The chamber has been greatly changed and 
rudely treated within the last few years. The 
room haft been enlarged, the old spectators' gal- 
lery removed and a great eighteenth century 
fire-place in the west wall covered up. Furni- 
ture, hangings and pictures, too, are all more or 
less modern additions. The laorge painting on 
the vv^est wall represents the scene of Washing- 
ton giving back to Congress his commission as 
Commander-in-Chief. The old room is rep- 
resented as thronged with men and women — 
congressmen, citizens, ladies and children. 
The painting was executed in 1859, by Edwin 
White, by order of the General Assembly. The 
artist drew largely upon his imagination and 
contemporaneous accounts to produce it. Hang- 
ing below is an explanation of the picture and 
the speeches delivered upon that occasion. 

The four large portraits are those of the Mary- 
land signers of the Decla^ration of Independence, 
Chase, Carroll, Stone and Paca. \ The portrait 
of Washington on the east wall is by Gilbert 



Hand-Book of Annapolis. 37 

Stuart and has been considered the best ever 
painted of the first President. | The. obverse 
and reverse of the shield of Maryland hang 
upon either wall, the armorial bearings of the 
Lords Baltimore, adopted by the State for its 
shield in 1876. The fisherman and farmer rep- 
resent the great industries of the State. Sur- 
mounting the shield is the ducal coronet, the 
helmet and knightly pennants. '^ Scuto hones 
voluntatis tuw coronasti nos" — with the sliield 
of thy good will thou liast crowned us — are the 
words encircling the whole. The Italian words, 
"'Faitl maschii parole feminl " — manly deeds 
and womanly words — formed the motto for- 
merly of the Lords Baltimore, now that of the 
state of Maryland. 

The side door on the left leads into the Sen- 
ate ante-chamber. Connected with this are the 
post-office and cloak-rooms. The large painting 
on the wall is an allegorical work and repre- 
sents the great William Pitt, Earl of Chatham, 
dressed in Roman toga, speaking in defense of 
the revolting American colonies. 

" In my opinion this kingdom has no right to hiy a tax on 
the Colonies. * * * * America is obstinate ! America 
is almost in open rebellion ! Sir, I rejoice that America has 
resisted." 



38 Hand-Book of Annapolis. 

Tlie goddess of I^iberty in the background in- 
cites tlie orator in Ills great defense. The paint- 
ing is by Chas. Wilson Peale, the greatest painter 
Maryland has produced, examples of whose 
genius may be found in many of the old houses of 
Annapolis. It was painted in 1794, in England^ 
and purchased that year by the state of Maryland. 
Copies of the Declaration of the Freedmen of 
Maryland, this state's Declaration of Indepen- 
dence, hang upon the walls, with autograph let- 
ters, maps, &c. The president of the Senate's 
room, with its groined ceiling and handsome 
tapestries, is the last room on this side. 

Going back to the rotunda, the visitor en- 
ters upon the left the Lower House of As- 
sembly or House of Delegates. Ninety-one 
representatives from the counties and Bal- 
timore city comprise this House, the num- 
ber from each being based upon popula- 
tion. The large painting in this room by 
Peale, represents General Washington and 
his aids, Lafayette and Tench Tilghman, of 
Maryland, at Yorktown. General Washington 
holds in his hands the terms of surrender of 
Lord Cormyallis and the English army. The 



Haiid-Booli of Annapolis. 39 

American troops are seen passing in review. 
Tlie speaker's room, committee and cloali 
rooms are readied by the door on tlie right. 

Returning to the rotunda, the visitor ascends 
the main stjiirway to tlie Library, Judicial 
and Executive Departments. Above the stair 
there is the shield of Maryland, with, however, 
the old motto of the State* — ^^Crescite et multi- 
pllcamini^^ — Increase and multiply. Turning 
up the stairway to the left we enter the cham- 
bers of the Court of Appeals. Visitors are ad- 
mitted even though the Court be in session, si- 
lence is the only condition of admission. The 
Court of Appeals is the Supreme Court of 
the State and hears appeals from the various 
County Courts, confirming or reversing their 
decisions. The full number of Judges is eight, 
representing the eight Judicial Circuits of the 
State, including Baltimore city. Naming them in 
the order as one faces the Bench, they are Judges 
Stone, Eobinson, McSherry, Alvy, Irving, Mil- 
ler, Bryan and Yellott. The Clerk and Reporter 
of the Court sit respectively to the right and 

"The various original seals of the state are exhihit(;fl h]. 
the Land Office. 



40 Hand-BooJc of Annapolis. 

left of the Bencli. The view over the town 
and harbor from this room is worthy of notice. 
The rooms adjoining the Court are the Clerk^s 
roonij where all the records of the Court are 
preserved as far back as 1788 ; and the con- 
sultation room for the Judges. 

Descending the stairs one enters the State 
Library. Of the 70,000 volumes here collected 
about 50,000 are law books, showing that the in- 
terpreters and makers of the law are by far the 
most important readers. 

The front room is octagonal in shape, the rear 
portion is the recent annex. Though the Court 
of Appeals always had a small library for its 
particular use, no general library was formed 
until 1834. The octagon front-room was built 
in 1859 and the rear rooms, which are fire-proof, 
in 1887. The rooms are decorated with a 
few prints and pictures of interest. 

Returning to the stairway, the visitor ascends 
to the Executive Chambers, and first enters the 
Governor's Chamber at the head of the passage. 
This room is beautifully decorated and fres- 
coed,and contains the portraits of the Proprietors 
an4 Governors of Maryland, The portrait of 



Haiid-Book of Annapolis. 41 

George Calvert, Firist Lord Baltimore and Secre- 
tary of State under James I and Charles I, by 
Mytens, is probably tlie finest. It was copied 
from tlie original in tlie gallery of tlie Earl of 
Varulems, Glastonbury, England, and presented 
to tlie state by John W. Garrett. Beside this 
hangs a full length portrait of T. Holliday 
Hicks, Maryland's war-Governor. The other 
large portrait is that of Frederick, Sixth Lord 
Baltimore. These, witli the smaller portraits 
by Feale, of Governors Faca, Smallwood, Stone, 
Sprigg, Johnson, Flater, Wright and Howard, 
form an imperfect coll action of the earlier ex- 
ecutives of tlie state. Tlie Secretary of State 
has the room adjoining, and here is kept the 
seal of Maryland. The present Governor is Hon. 
Elihu E. Jackson and Edward W. LeCompte is 
Secretary of State. The room of the Adjutant- 
General is next, also finely frescoed. 

At the end of the passage is the entrance to 
the two hundred and fifty steps leading to the 
toj). The climb is not difBcult and the view is 
magnificent. In fact one can hardly appreciate 
Annapolis and its surroundings without having 
first taken his bearings from this height. The 



42 Hand-Boole of Annapolis. 

balcony, is 185 feet, from the ground and tlie sur- 
rounding county lies like a panorama at one's 
feet; the beautiful Severn winding its way north- 
ward ; the Chesapeake with the commerce of 
Baltimore on its bosom ; the land-locked harbor 
of Annapolis, and nearer still, the old town with 
its radiating streets and great brick mansions 
often nearly hidden in the trees. 

TANEY. 

Immediately in front of the State-House 
stands the Taney statue, a colossal seated figure' 
in the flowing robes of the Chief Justice of the 
United States. Roger B. Taney, perhaps the 
most widely known jurist in this country, was 
a native of Maryland, born in Calvert county in 
1777. His early life was spent upon a farm, 
but in 1792 he entered Dickinson College and 
graduated there in 1796 at the head of his class. 
He studied law in Annapolis and entered upon 
his career in that profession in 1799. After 
practicing in the counties for twenty-five years 
he moved to Baltimore, and at once assumed 
the leading position among the many distin- 
guished lawyers of his day. 



Hand-Book of Annapolis. 43 

In 1827 lie was elected Attorney-General of 
Maryland and in 1831 accepted the office of 
Attorney-General of the United States under 
General Jackson. In this position he urged 
upon the President the removal of the U. S. 
deposits from the U. S. banks, and upon the 
refusal of the Secretary of the Treasury, Mr. 
Duane, to act in the matter, Mr. Taney was 
made Secretary of the Treasury. Tliough the 
immediate effects of the policy were disastrous, 
after events proved the wisdom of the course 
pursued. Upon the death of Chief Justice Mar- 
shall, in 1835, Mr. Taney w\as appointed to the 
Supreme Bench, were he distinguished him- 
self for his manly a,nd straightforward conduct 
and his able decisions. 

Of the many important decisions rendered 
by him upon Constitutional questions, the most 
noted was that in the " Dred Scott " case. This 
decision, with the accompanying misunderstood 
expressions of opinion regarding the negro 
status, had much to do with tlie dissensions 
and animosity which resulted ultimately in 
civil war. Another important opinion by Jus- 
tice Taney in 1861 denied to the President the 



44 Hand-BooTc of Annapolis. 

power to suspend the '^ liabeas corpus " act. 
Mr. Taney died at an advanced age in 1864. 

To commemorate liis worth as a citizen, jur- 
ist, statesman and Christian, tlie state of Mary- 
land, in 1872, erected the bronze statue to him. 
The work is by the greatest of Maryland 
sculptors, W. H. Eeinhart, and is considered the 
best of the many excellent works of that artist. 
*The statue was unveiled on December 10, 1872. 

DE KALB. 

To the left of the State House is the De Kalb 
monument. It is a bronze of colossal size and 
reijresents the last act of De Kalb in rallying a 
panic-stricken force to save the day at Camden. 

The General is shown as stepping forward, 
his sword waved aloft, while the head is turned 
in the direction of the confused Continentals 
in the act of an impassioned call to rally to his 
support. The moment chosen is a historically 
great one, and the sculptor has rendered it well. 

The statue is the work of Mr. Ephraim Keyser, 
a young Maryland artist, and was erected by the 
United States in accordance with a resolution 
of Congress passed in 1780, a few days after' 



Hand- Book of Annapolis. 45 

De Kalb's death. August 16, 1886, one liun- 
dred and five years later, the statue was un- 
veiled. 

John Kalb was the son of a farmer and born 
in the German town of Huttendof, June 29, 1721. 
While a youth he left Germany and entered 
the French army under the assumed name of 
John de Kalb. In 1747 he was made Cap- 
tain and Adjutant, and in 1756 he was pro- 
moted to the rank of Major, positions then open 
only to sons of the nobility. He shared in 
many of the brilliant victories of Marshal Saxe. 
After the close of the Seven Years' War he was 
elevated to the rank of Brigadier-General. 

In 1767 he came, in behalf of the French gov- 
ernment, on a secret mission to America and 
was so much impressed with the justness of 
the cause of independence, then being first agi- 
tated, that, in company with Lafayette, he re- 
turned to the assistance of the Colonies in 1777. 
Annapolis was the first city to welcome him 
and the sons of Maryland were his followers 
throughout the War of Independence. 

He was mortally wounded at the Battle of 
Camden, S. C, while leading the Maryland and 
Delaware troops, and died August 19, 1780. 



46 



Band-Book of AnnapoliM. 



The shields of Maryland and Delaware upon 
Either side of the pedestal are to commemorate 
his close association with those states'and their 
patriotic sons. 



/ 



CHAPTER K 



Executive ]VIansion and other Public Buildings. 



The present Governor's residence was built in 
1806, under the administration of Governor 
Swann. 

The old residence of the Governors for one 
hundred years before was the building now oc 
cupied as the Naval Academy Library^ and was 
purchased by the National Government in 1866, 
with its large grounds, as an addition to the 
Naval Academy 

The new mansion, including the block of 
ground around it, cost upwards of $150,000. The 
arrangement of rooms is quite similar to that 
of the White House, and the furnishing and 
decoration compares quite favorably with the 
home of the Presidents. During the absence 
of the Governor's family visitors are shown the 
rooms on the lower floor. 



48 Itand-BooTc of Annapolis, 

STATE TREASURY. 

Upon the State House hill, to the right of the 
Capitol, stands a quaint old colonial building 
of very modest proportions. This is the Treas- 
ury of the State of Maryland. The building is 
in the shape of a Greek cross, fronting sputh, 
and is probably the oldest house in the town. 
The venerable College poplar is the single liv- 
ing witness of its building, nearly two hundred 
years ago. The rooms are low^ and the walls 
very thick and specially strengthened to resist 
depredations upon the state's money. An inter- 
esting old vault within is well worth examina- 
tion. This building, whatever its origin, was 
frequently used in tlie early days of the Pro- 
vince as the State House and Provincial Court- 
Koom. 

THE LAND OFFICE. 

Near the Treasury is a modern building, con- 
taining various State offices — the Land office. 
Comptroller's, State Fishery and Public Works 
departments. 

The I^and office contains all the records relat- 
ing to the granting and transfer of lands in 



Hand' Book of Annapolis* 49 

Maryland since 1634. The office originated in 
the fact that the Lords Baltimore, as Proprietors 
of Maryland, owned in their own right all the 
land and made grants of it to settlers at a small 
rental. The issuing of warrants, surveys and 
resurveys necessitated a special department. 
The office was established in 1684, and to this 
day its duties are extensive. An abstract of 
every deed or mortgage made in the state is 
sent to this office for record. 

In the Ijand office will also be found the nu- 
cleus of a State Museum. The collection is a 
part of Maryland's exhibit at New Orleans in 
1884-5, and, by constant additions, it is hoped 
to make it a creditable and permanent museum. 
The collection is soon to be moved to the state 
Library. 

COUNTY COURT HOUSE. 

To the southeast of St. Anne's church is the 
County Court House of Anne Arundel county. 
The building, was built about 1820 and contains 
various county offices. 

The Will office here was, until the Revolution, 
the AVill office for the whole Province. Hav- 

3 



50 Hand-Book of Annapolis. 

ing fortunately escaped tlie ravages of fire, so 
destructive to county buildings always, this 
office contains a most valuable and interesting 
collection of wills and testamentary papers, ex- 
tending back to 1634. 



»x<^ 



CHAP TE II VI. 



Churches. — gt. /Inne's Parish. 



HISTORY. 



By an Act of the General Assembly of Mary- 
land, passed at St. Mary's in 1692, entitled "An 
Act for the Worship of Almighty God, and the 
Establishment of the Protestant Religion in 
t^is Province/' Maryland was divided into 
thirty parishes, or territorial divisions with 
metes and bounds, as the the word Parish still 
signifies in its application to the Episcopal 
Church in Maryland and Virginia. 

0,ne of these embraced the territory lying be- 
tween South river and the Severn river, includ- 
ing the present site of Annapolis, and was 
called Middle-Neck parish. 

The name of the parish was soon afterwards 
changed to '^ St. Anne's," a name chosen un- 



62 irIand-Book of Annapolis. 

doubtedly because it was tliat of both the 
mother of the Virgin Mary and the Princess 
Anne, soon to become the Queen of England. 
There is no record to be found of the Act by 
which the change of name was made. The 
earliest existing records date from 1712, twenty 
pages of previous entries having been torn out 
of the register. 

The bounds of the parish remained un- 
changed until the year 1728, when a small por- 
tion of it on the northwest end was set off to 
Queen Caroline x)ai'ish, which lies mostly in 
Howard county. 

In 1845 Severn parish v/as set off from St. 
A line's, taking all that portion of it lying north- 
vf est of a line running from Iglehart's Land- 
ing, on the Severn, to Broad creek, on South 
River. That is the present boundary of the 
parish on the northwest side. There is a 
special Law of Maryland still in force, called 
" The Vestry Act of 1798,'^ governiug the organ- 
ization of Vestries in each of the Parishes of 
the Episcopal Church in the Si?bte, and provid- 
ii'g for the division or union of existing par- 
ishes by the Convention of the Diocese. 



Hand-Book of Annapolis, 53 

CHURCHES. 

The First C/^'?^rc7^.— Returns made to the Gov- 
ernor and Council, by tlie Vestry of St. Anne's 
Parisli in July, ^169$, sliow that at that time 
there was neither church building nor rector in 
the parish. October JS', of the same year, an 
Act was passed by the General Assembly, mak- 
ing the -'Town at Proctors,'' or ^' Anne Arundel 
Towii," a town and port of entry, and appoint- 
ing Nicholas Greenberry, and some others, a 
aommittee to purchase and lay out one hundred 
"^acres in lots and streets, with open spare places 
to be left for the erection of a church and other 
public buildings. 

In 1G96 a committee reported to the General 
Assembly that there was a sum of jG458 in 
bank for building a church, and also that the 
proposed church would cost £1,200, or about 
$5,600. October 2, the governor was appointed 
by ^he Council to employ workmen to build the 
church. In 1699 a letter of the Rev. Hugh Jones, 
quoted by Oldmixon in his History of Virginia, 
describes Annapolis as a place of about forty 
dwellings, with a state house, a free school, of 
brick, and tlie fouiidation of a church laid, the 



54 Hand-Book of Annapolis . 

only brick clinrcli in Maryland. This year (1699) 
Kdward Dorsey was fined c£333 for not building 
t3ie cLurcli. Tlie next year it is probable tliat 
tiie cLurcli was finished, for Dr. Bray, the Com- 
missary of the Bishop of London, held a visita- 
tion here that year, at which seventeen clergy- 
men w^ere present. 

July 1, 1703, the Rev. George Keith, itinerant 
missionary for the London Society for the Pro- 
pagation of the Gospel, preached a sermon here, 
whi(th a citizen had printed and published at 
Annapolis. In April, 1704, the Vestry ordered 
the payment of <£4.10s. for '^ altering the gal- 
lery seats " in the church. So that it would ap- 
pear that the cliurch had been some time fin- 
ished. Of this edifice nothing more definite is 
known than that it was built of brick in the 
form of a T, with the principal entrance at the 
east end towards the state house ; that it had 
a belfry, a beli, and a golden ball on the top of 
the spire. A considerable portion of the church 
Avas set apart for the Governor, the Council and 
members of the General Assembly. Various 
additions were made to the church to accom- 
modate the demand for sittings. One of twenty 



Hand-Book of Anna]) oils. 55 

by eighteen feet in 1739. In 1771 tliere ap- 
peared in tlie Maryland Gazette some verses en- 
titled ^^ Tlie humble petition of tlie old clmrcli,'^ 
wliich represent the building as being in a di- 
lapidated condition at that time : 

" — Some good people are afraid 
Lest I should tumble on their head. 
Of which indeed this seems a proof, 
They seldom come beneath my roof." 

In 1772 the Vestry decided to apply to the Gen- 
eral Assembly for an assessment of £10,000 to 
build a new church. 

The Second Church. — At the March Session, 
in 1774, the General Assembly appointed John 
Ridout, Samuel Chase, William Paca, Upton 
Scott and Thomas Hyde, trustees for building a 
new and ^^ elegant church, which is to be adorned 
with a steeple/' the old church to be taken 
down and the new one, to cost £6,000, put in its 
place. The Assembly granted £1,500 towards 
the building on condition that accommodations 
should be provided in it for the Governor and 
other civil authorities. 

The work of taking down the old church did 



56 Hand-Book of Annapolis. 



not begin until 1775. The "Playhouse/^ tlie 
first theatre built in America, was occupied for 
church services at a rental of X 20 a year. 

The breaking out of the revolutionary con- 
test soon put a stop to all efforts to build the 
new church. From November 1776, the clergy 
ceased to receive any support from the State, 
and for several years the Parish had no settled 
minister. In 1784 the Yestry advertised for 
the return of the materials for the new church, 
which had been carried away during the war. 
In May, 1786, the Assembly passed an Act sup- 
plementary to that of 1774, providing further for 
the construction of the new church. In 1792, 
eighteen years after it was begun, the church 
was ?tt last completed, and on November 24 of 
that year it was consecrated b/ Bishop Claggett.^ 
This church was one hundred and ten feet long 
by ninety in -width, with a tower. The outside 
walls were divided into panels, the inside was 
frescoed. There were one hundred and twenty- 
two pews, of which Nos. 22 to 28 and 61 to 67 were 
assigned to officials of the State and county, and 
Nos. 87 and 96 to the dacJieloTS of the Parish. 
For sixty-six years this goodly place of wor- 



Hand-Book of Annapolis, 57 

ship was tlie pride of tlie citizens of Annapolis. 
Oq tlie niglit of Sunday, February 14, 1858, it 
took fire from the furnace and was destroyed, 
a calamity which was most deeply regretted by 
all. 

The Third Church. — Immediately after the 
loss of their venerated church the parishioners 
began preparations for the building of another. 
Services were held in the meantime In the As- 
sembly Room on Gloucester street. The Rec- 
tor, Rev. J. R. Davenport, Alex. Randall and 
Wm.H. Tuck were appointed the building com- 
mittee. The fund for rebuilding accumulated 
rapidly, beginning with subscriptions of $1,000 
each, followed by many others of less amounts, 
aggregating $17,000. C. H. Condit was the arch- 
itect, H. H. Treadway the contractor for the car- 
penter work and A. W. Chaney for the bric^ 
work. The church was built on the foundations 
of the former building, with the addition of a 
large chancel. The whole cost was $21,500, 
without the completion of the tower and spire, 
which were added later at an expense of more 
than $8,000. This church has the largest chan- 



58 Hand-Book of Annapolis. 

eel of any in tlie Diocese. It was completed 
and first used for services in tlie summer of 
1859. 

It is worthy of note that the beautiful stone 
altar and font, as well as other stone work in 
the church were from the chisel of W. H. Rein- 
hart, the distinguished sculptor. 

CHAPELS. 

In 1727 the inhabitants of the upper parts of 
the Parish, some of whom were twenty miles and 
more from the church, petitioned for the build- 
ing of a chapel-of-ease in the northern portion 
of the Parish. A license from Lord Baltimore 
was necessary for this. The Vestry asked and 
received permission through Governor Calvert. 
In 1728 the General Assembly passed an Act for 
enlarging the church and building a chapel-of- 
ease. The following year 25,000 pounds of to- 
bacco were applied towards building the chapel. 
An acre of ground was bought of Emanuel Mar- 
riot for X3, or |8. The building was located 
near the head of the Severn river, and was 
completed in August^ 1730. 



Hand-BooJi of Annapolis. 59 

In 1820 anotlier cliapel was built, in place of 
that of I730j about one mile and a-lialf distant 
from it. Tills Avas finally given up to tlie Meth- 
odists, and a new church built instead of it, in 
1840, near the head of South river, which be- 
came Severn church. 

St. Anne^s Cliapel. — The chapel on East and 
Prince George streets, known as the "Mission 
Chapel,'' originated in a Sunday school, carried 
on at various places in the lower part of the 
city by members of the Parish, aided by two 
or three students of St. John's College. Serv- 
ices were held, in connection with the school, 
for several years in the old house adjoining the 
chapel. In 1877 the building was began from 
a design furDished by Prof. Oliver, of the Naval 
Academy. G. G. Watklns and AY. B. Gardner 
were the contractors. In 1878 the first story was 
completed and used for services and school pur- 
poses. The second story, the chapel proper, 
remained in an unfinished condition, for lack 
of funds to complete it, until 1885. In that 
year the family of the late Alexander Randall, 
who had been identified with St. Anne's for 



60 Hand-Book of Annapolis. 

more tlian lialf a century, undertook its com- 
pletion as a memorial to him and liis love for 
the church. In this work of completion up- 
wards of $3,500 were spent, making the whole 
cost of the building about $9,000. It has been 
truly said of this chapel in the public prints, 
that ^' no more beautiful and tasteful little 
church is to be found in the state.'' 

St. Philips C7iapel.~&e-psiV£ite services for 
colored people, in connection with a Sunday 
school, had been held by the clergy of the 
parish "for several years before a fixed place 
of w^orsliip was procured for them. The chapel 
on Northwest street, originally built by the Zion 
Baptists, was bought for the colored people con- 
nected with the Episcopal Church, and refitted 
for their use. The school-house attached to the 
chapel was built in 1887. There are fifty com- 
municants in the chapel congregation and 
ninety pupils in the day-school. Rev. J. B. 
Massiah, a colored priest, has charge of this 
chapel as an assistant to the rector of the 
parish. 



Hand- BooTc of Annapolis. 61 

RECTORS. 

The first rector, or incumbent, of St. Anne's 
parish, of whom any record remains, was the 
Rev. Peregrine Coney, in 1696. From that time 
to the present year, a period of one hundred 
and ninety-two years, there have been forty 
rectors, or ministers in charge, of the parish, 
of whom only six died while rectors, and four 
are still living. In 1811 Bishop Claggett, the 
first Bishop of the diocese and the first conse- 
crated in the -United States, was offered the 
rectorship with a salary of $700, but declmed 
it on the ground of the insufficiency of the sal- 
ary. No one of the rectors ever became a 
Bishop, although men distinguished in the 
Church in their day were among them. 

The longest term of service in the rectorship 
was that of the Rev. Ralph Higginbotham, who 
was rector from 1785 to 1804, nineteen years. 
The present rector entered upon the nineteenth 
year of his rectorship in October, 1887. 

RECTORIES. 

The first rectory of the parish was built 
about the year 1767. The lot on which it stands 



62 Hand-BooTc of Annapolis. 

was deeded to tlie parish by Pliilip Key and 
Ills wife, in 1759, for £20, extending one hundred 
and ninety-two feet on Hanover street with a 
depth of one hundred and fifty-six feet. After 
liaving been held for one hundred and eighteen 
years as a rectory it was sold in 1885 to Mrs. 
Harwood Iglehart^ The vestry then bought 
the present rectory, a three-story brick house 
on Duke of Gloucester street, built by Mr. Riley 
and occupied until recently by Dennis Claude. 
This is a more modern style of house than the 
other and conveniently near the church. 

ANCIENT COMMUNION SET. 

St. Anne's has in constant use a set of Com- 
munion vessels of peculiar value and interest. 
The original set consisted of one flagon, two 
chalices, two patens and an alms-basin. One 
of the chalices was made over into two smaller 
ones in the year 1851. The set is of solid 
silver, and was presented to the parish by Wil- 
liam HI. of England. It was made by Francis 
Garthorne, a well known court silversmith of 
London, in 1695. Each piece is engraved with 
the royal arms and the initials W. R. The 
whole set is in perfect condition. 



Hand- Boole of Annapolis. 63 

Other relics of tlie old time preserved in tlie 
churcli, are a folio Bible, presented by Major- 
General John Hammond in 1 707 ; a finely bound 
Bible and Prayer-Book, given by Mrs. Henrietta 
Dorsey in 1762 ; and the mahogany pulpit and 
prayer-desk belonging to the second church, 
saved at the time of its destruction by fire. 
The Dorsey Prayer-Book was restored to the 
parish in 1886, in good condition, after having 
been lost for one hundred years. 

Memorials. — Besides the chapel on East st.,be- 
fore mentioned, there are several mementoes of 
deceased parishioners in the church and chapel. 
The costly brass altar-rail in the church is a 
fitting memorial of Nathan E. Berry. Four of the 
side windows and two in the clerstory are mem- 
orials, respectively, to three former rectors, 
Blanchard, McElhinney and Humpheys; to Mrs. 
Catherine G. Randall, a daughter of Wm. AVirt, 
and to a child of Dr. Nelson, and to one of the 
late Judge Tuck. In St. i\.nne's chapel the 
beautiful font of Mexican onyx, and marble, 
and the polished brass lectern, are memorials 
of Misses Matilda and Fanny Chase, presented 
by their sister, Mrs. Samuel Ridout. 



64 Hand-Book of Annapolis. 

Statistics. — 1887— ^One cliurcli, two cliapels, . 
tliree clergymen, public services, 492 ; baptisms, 
50; confirmations, 67; marriages, 20; burials, 
39 ; communicants, oQQ ; Sunday schools, 3; 
teachers, 49 ; scholars, 407 ; contributions, $5,944. 

Parish 0/^cer5.— 1888— Rector, Wm. S. South- 
gate ; Assistants, Fredk. M. Kirkus, J. B. Mas- 
siah; Wardens, J. H. Forbes, Thos. S. Beall; 
Vestrymen, Nicholas Brewer, William Harwood, 
J. Wirt Randall, J. Shaaff Stockett, Robert E. 
Strange, Fuller E. Stevens, Frank H. Stockett, 
jr., Eugene Worthington; Treasurer, J. Wirt 
Randall ; Register, Eugene Worthington ; Or- 
ganist, Miss N. S. Stockett ; Sexton, Henry E. 
Dennison. 



gt. ]V[ary's ^oman Catholic Gliurch. 

Maryland was, in her colonial days, the strong- 
hold of the Roman Catholic church in the new 
world, yet, strictly speaking, Maryland was not 
a Roman Catholic colony. Modern investiga- 
tions have conclusively proved that the ad- 



Hand-Book of Annapolis. 65 

herents of tliat clinrcli did not outnumber tlie 
aggregate of Protestant churches. 

Yet with a Proprietor,usually Roman Catholic, 
who appointed as Governor and minor officers, 
men of the same faith, that church exercised 
the greatest influence in tlie province. St. 
Mary's county, and the capital tliere, was their 
center, w^hile the northern counties were largely 
Protestant. During the so-called '^ Royal Gov- 
ernment " period, 1696-1715, Annapolis became 
the capital of the province, and upon the res- 
toration of the Lords Baltimore to power their 
adherents flocked to the neAV capital. Among 
these none were more distinguished than the 
Carroll family, the head of a liouse always con- 
spicuous in Maryland history. Their private 
family chapel"^ in tlie old Carroll house, (now 
Avithin the church inclosure,) was for many 
years the only house of worship for the Ro- 
manists resident here. Upon the removal of the 
family from Annapolis this was left w^ithout a 
regular incumbent and fell into disuse, but by 
the liberality of Charles Carroll's grandchildren 
a new chapel was built and the Roman Catholic 
cliurch in Annapolis liberally endowed. Be- 



Q6 Hand-Boo^ of Annapolis. 

fore tlie Redemptorist Fatliers came to reside 
here services were conducted in this chapel 
once a month by a Jesuit Father from White 
Marsh. 

The grand- daughters of Charles Carroll of 
Carrollton, desiring that their property here 
should be used for ecclesiastical purposes, do- 
nated it to the Redemptorist Order, and accord- 
ingly, in 1853,'' Rev. Gabriel Rumpler arrived 
from Baltimore with several students and nov- 
ices of the Order. The old Carroll mansion 
became the school for the novitiates of the Re- 
demptorists in the United States. After a course 
of three years at thiS/ institution the students 
go to the college at Illchester, Maryland, and 
graduating there, are admitted to the priesthood. 
The number in attendance here averages twen- 
ty-five, with five resident priests as instructors. 

From 1853 until 1858 divine service was held 
regularly in the chapel, which stood on the spot 
now occupied by St. Mary's parochial school. 

The present St. Mary's church edifice was be- 
gun in 1858, Rev. Michael Miller being pastor. 
Before the church was finished the new build- 
ing adjoining for the novitiate was commenced. 



Hand- Book of Annapolis. 67 

The cliapel was afterwards used as a scliool, 
and finally was replaced by tlie present large 
parochial school edifice. 

The parochial school is conducted by a com- 
pany of twelve Sisters of Notre Dame and at- 
tended daily by a.bout one hundred and thirty 
pupils. The Sisters, moreover, conduct a scliool 
for colored children with one hundred and 
ninety pupils. The residence of the Sisters, 
on Shipwright street, was the old Scott house, 
and is considered one of the finest of the co- 
lonial buildings in interior finish. 

The churcli building is a very handsome 
structure, and its interior is considered one of 
the finest in the State. The number of parish- 
ioners lias largely increased within the past 
twenty-five years, and now numbers nearly five 
hundred. 



I'he JVEethodist Episcopal Church. 

The first Methodist who crossed the Atlantic 
with a commission as local preacher was Robt. 
Strawbridge, an Irishman, who came to Ameri- 



68 Hand-Book of Anna'poUs. 

ca witli liis family about 1760, and settled on 
Sam^s creek, in Frederick county, Maryland. 

Metliodism reached Annapolis between 1760 
•and the close of the century. 

The first trustees of the Methodist congrega- 
tion of Annapolis, of whom there is any record, 
were Absalom Riclgely, Joseph Evans, George 
Wells and John Miller. When the church was 
incorporated, in 1833, all of the original trus- 
tees were dead, save Joseph Evans, who was no 
longer a member of the church. 

The first Methodist church stood near the 
site of the present record office, on the State- 
House hill; and, as far as can be ascertained by 
contemporaries of the church, was located upon 
the circle lying between the record office and 
the head of Maryland avenue The church was 
a frame building and was known as the ^' Old 
Blue Church/^ from its prevailing colors. It 
had a stairway on the outside, up which the 
colored part of the congregation went to the 
gallery set apart for them. After it ceased to 
be used as a church it became a school house. 

When the Methodists became a corporate 
body; in 1833, the following were the Trustees ; 



Hand-Book of Annapolis. 69 

Nicholas J. Watkins, Basil Sheppard, Louis 
Gassaway, Geo. McNeir, Tlios. S. AVaters, Graf- 
ton Munroe, Andrew Slicer and Philip Clayton. 

The second church in which the Methodists 
worshipped was built about 1820. It was a 
neat, brick building, with pressed-brick front, 
and remained until 1859, when the present 
church was built on the site of the former. It 
was in this second church that Lafayette at- 
tended divine service when in Annapolis in 
J 8 24. Kev. Mr. Bascom, one of the brilliant ora- 
tors of Methodism, preaclied on that occasion. 

Tlie building committee of the present 
church edifice was J. V/esley White, James 
Andrews and James Munroe. The committee 
on funds, J. Wesley White, Joshua Brown, 
Philip Clayton, Edvv^ard Hopkins, Solomon 
Philips, Isaac Brewer, James Andrews, R. R. 
Goodman and James Munroe. 

The congregation bought a parsonage on Corn- 
hill street, north side, near the corner, in 1834. 
It was burnt down about 1851. The present 
parsonage was built in 1852. 



70 Mand-Book of Annapolis. 

'f he Ppesbytenan Church. 

There were persons in tliis part of tlie State 
at an early period wlio held the views enter- 
tained "by Presbyterians. 

Most of the Colony that can^e to this locality 
in 1649 were Presbyterians'^ or Puritans, and 
the earliest pastors of these people were 
Francis Doughty and Matthew Hill. 

Whitefield, the celebrated divine, found Pres- 
byterians here about 1744, though their num- 
bers and influence seemed to have considerably 
weakened. 

The Presbytery of Baltimore, in 1778, a cen- 
tury ago, appointed two of its number. Rev. 
Dr. Allison, of Baltimore, and Rev. Dr. Balch, 
of Georgetown, D. C, to visit Annapolis and 
supply the Presbyterians with preaching. 

In this year the General Assembly was or- 
ganized, which event was to be celebrated 
throughout the Church by increased effort es- 
pecially in endowing the Board of Ministerial 
Relief. 

The Presbytery of Baltimore, which em- 
braced parts of Pennsylvania and Virginia^ as 



Hand- Book of Annapolis, 11 

Well as Maryland, a century ago, liad less than 
a dozen ministers and from twelve to fourteen 
cliurclies. This Presbytery now embraces only 
the Western Shore of Maryland, and has forty- 
six ministers, forty-eight churches and 6,712 
members, and contributed last year $171,182. 

While Presbyterianism has not advanced very 
fast in this county, it has grown in other parts 
of Maryland and is strong and influential in all 
parts of the country. For many years no re- 
ligious service by a Presbyterian minister was 
held here. 

In May, 1846, the present church was organ- 
ized. Dr. John Ridout and Prof. A. N. Girault 
were elected elders for the new organization, 
and on July 11, 1847, the church edifice was dedi- 
cated, and the first pastor. Rev. C. Ewing, was 
installed. 

In May, 1849, Rev. J. J. Grafl^ became pastor, 
and served the church more than twelve years. 

In September, 1861, Rev. T. M. Patterson was 
installed as pastor, and remained about six years. 

In February, 1867, Rev. I. J. Henderson, D. D., 
became pastor and remained until death, a pe- 
riod of nine years. 



72 ildnd-'Book of Annapolis, 

In May, 1876, Eev. H. O. Gibbons began a 
pastorate of little more than five years. 

After a vacancy of more than a year, the pas- 
torate was again filled by the election of Rev. 
Robert H. Williams, who now fills the pulpit. 
Mr. Williams was installed October, 1882. 

The parsonage of this church, a comfortable 
and commodious residence about a half a square 
from the church, was purchased during the min- 
istry of Rev. Mr. Graff. 

The church edifice, which was small and un- 
sightly in a^ppearance, was greatly improved 
and enlarged during the ministry of Rev. Dr. 
Henderson. It is not, however, by any means, 
such an edifice as the Presbyterians should have 
in the capital of the state, and in a city of such 
national importance as Annapolis, and it is 
hoped that soon the present building may give 
place to one more modern in style, and more 
ample and complete in all its appointments. 



CHAPTER YIL 



gt John's College. 



As St. Jolm's College Tis^ a continuatioa and 
development of an earlier institution of learn- 
ing, founded at Annapolis towards tlie close of 
tlie seventeenth century under tlie auspices of 
the then reigning sovereign of Great Britain, it 
is proper that a distinctive history of the col- 
lege should begin vi^itli a brief reference to the 
famous King William School, which was 
largely auxiliary to its foundation, the Visitors 
and Trustees of that school being among the 
largest contributors to the original establish- 
ment of the college, and finally merging the op- 
erations of the former into those of the latter. 

During the reign of William the Third, in 
the year 1696, the Colonial Legislature of Mary- 
land passed a '' Petitionary Act," praying for 
the establishment of " a Free School in Anne 

4 



74 Hand-Book of Annapolis. 

Arundel Town, upon tlie Severn river/^ witli 
corporate powers and privileges, authorizing 
its Rector, Governors and Visitors, according to 
tlie revenues wliicli miglit subsequently come 
into tlieir possession, to found a similar free- 
scliool in every county of tlie Province. 

This petitionary Act was not declared to be 
in full force until after the year 1704, under 
the reign of Queen Anne, and the school itself 
appears to have commenced its operations soon 
after. Under the administration of able and 
laborious rectors, from its earliest head mas- 
ters to Brefhard, the teacher of William Pink- 
ney and his coevals, it continued for many 
years to send forth a succession of educated 
youth, well qualified to discharge the duties 
and meet the responsibilities of active life in 
the Church and State. 

If, during the pendency of the Revolutionary 
War, the King William School may have in 
any degree intermitted its operations, owing to 
the troubles of the times, it is evident that at 
the close of that protracted struggle, the peo- 
ple of Maryland were more than ever convinced 
that institutions of learning are indispensable 



tland-Book of Annapolis, ?5 

to the success of the free popular government 
which they had reared on the ruins of a por- 
tion of the British monarchy. Accordingly, we 
find the Legislature of Maryland, as early as 
1782, taking thought for the establishment of 
a college on each shore of the Chesapeake, with 
a view to their subsequent union under " one 
supreme legislative and visitorial jurisdiction," 
and it was in pursuance of this policy that 
Washington college was founded on the East- 
ern Shore and St. John's college on the West- 
ern Shore of that bay. The charter of the lat- 
ter was granted in the year 1784, and sufficiently 
attests by its well considered provisions the 
comprehensive intelligence which guided its 
framers in their efforts to lay the foundation 
of an institution ^^ fitted to train up and per- 
petuate a succession of able p.nd honorable men 
for discharging the various offices and duties 
of life, both civil and religious, with useful- 
ness and reputation.^' 

The charter of St. John's college expressly 
purports to have been granted by the Legisla- 
ture of Maryland, in furtherance of the volun- 
tary exertions of ^^ many public spirited indi- 



f6 Hand- Boofc of Annapolis. 

viduals," wlio, as its preamble recites, " from 
an earnest desire to promote the founding of 
a college '^ had subscribed for this purpose to a 
considerable amount. The movement which 
resulted in the founding of St. John's was wide- 
spread, enlightened and influential, and the 
principle of ^' perfect eauality in religion" was 
dominant. Their subscribers and their agents 
were men of widely divergent religious creeds. 
Among them were the most Reverend John 
Carroll, the first Roman Catholic Archbishop of 
America, and the Reverend Doctors William 
Smith and Patrick Allison, eminent divines, 
respectively, of the Protestant Episcopal and 
Presbyterian churches. 

In the year 1784 the Rector, Visitors and Gov- 
ernors of the King William School, in An- 
napolis, represented to the General Assembly 
that they were '' desirous of appropriating the 
funds belonging to said school to the benefit, 
support and maintenance of St. John's College 
in such manner as shall be consistent with, and 
better fulfill the intentions of the founders 
and benefactors of the former." Their request 
was granted, and in the following year the two 
institutions were formally consolidated. 



Hand-Book of Annapolis, 77 

Sucli were the circnmstaiices under wliicli 
this institution was founded by distinguised 
citizens of Maryland, contemporaneous with tlie 
revolutionary era. The General Assembly, in 
consideration of the contributions voluntarily 
made and to be made, for the purpose of found- 
ing such a college (these contributions amounted 
to $32,000), granted to its founders a liberal 
charter. By one of the sections of this charter 
the State entered into a compact with the sub- 
scribers promising an endowment ^^of one thous- 
and seven hundred and fifty pounds annually 
and forever.'^ 

The first meeting of the Board was held Feb. 
28, 1786. The members were qualified before 
A. C. Hanson, one of the Judges of the General 
Court, by repeating and subscribing a declara- 
tion of their belief in the Christian religion, 
and taking the two oaths of fidelity required 
by the constitution and laws of this state. 

On the 1st of March, 1786, the Board pro- 
ceeded to fix upon a place proper for establish- 
ing the college. Two places only were nomi- 
nated — Annapolis and Upper JSfarlboroiigli — 
when nine ballots were given for the former, 



78 Hand-Book of Annapolis. 

and two ballots for tlie latter place. This selec- 
tion of Annapolis, according to tlie terms of tlie 
charter, secured the possession of a lot of four 
acres of land within the city, purchased for the 
use of the public, and conveyed, in 1744, by 
Stephen Bordley to Thomas Bladen, Governor of 
Maryland. Mr. Bladen had projected the central 
college building, known as McDowell Hall, as 
a residence for the governors of Maryland. 
The edifice was nearly finished, when a con- 
tention arose between the governor and the 
liCgislature, which Increased to such a degree 
tliat, at a period when a very trifling sum would 
have rendered it a noble residence, the further 
prosecution of the design was discontinued by 
order of the Legislature, and the unfinished 
building, exposed to the damaging effects of the 
v/eather, remained for forty years a melancholy 
and mouldering monument of the folly and di- 
sastrous consequences of political dissension. 

'' Old Bladen's place once so famed 
And now too well 'the folly' named." 

On the 10th of March, 1786, it was resolved 
by the Board of Visitors and Governors to re- 
pair and finish the building, as it then stood, 



Hand-Book of Annapolis, 79 

for tlie i)iirposes of tlie college, and to add wings 
on tlie nortlieast and soutliwest sides, accord- 
ing to a plan furnislied by one Josepli Clark. 
Tills plan was never carried out, and tlie draAv- 
iiigs and specifications liave been long since 
lost. The following gentlemen composed the 
building committee y Alexander Contee Han- 
son, Nicholas Carroll and Richard Ridgely. . 

Dr. John McDowell was the" first officer chosen, 
he having been appointed on the 14th of May, 
1789, Professor of Mathematics and tempora- 
rily placed in charge of tlie institution. He was 
afterwards, on the 15tli day of November, 1790, 
promoted to the position of Principal, which 
office he discharged with great ability for many 
years. 

The nth day of November, 1789, was selected 
for the occasion of opening the institution. 
From the opening years until the present there 
ha^ been a constant struggle on the part of the 
college to retain, and upon the part of the State 
to deny, the annual endowment. By an Act of 
1806 the appropriation was discontinued. The 
distinguished William Pinkney, who eloquently, 
but vainly, remonstrated against the passage of 



80 Hand-Boole of Annapolis. 

tills Act, declared tliat ^HJie day wliicli wit- 
nesses tJie degredation of St. Jolm^s College ^^^ in 
tlie very dawn of its promise, will prove " the 
darJiest day Maryland lias ever Icnown.^^ 

So long as tlie State Legislature pursued tlie 
wise and liberal policy inaugurated in its char- 
ter, tlie college, on its part, responded faithfully 
and efficiently, and though to-day crippled by 
the mis taken economy of recent Legislatures, 
is doing a work not surpassed by that of any 
institution of like grade in the land. 

From its first Commencement, held in 1793, 
to that of 1806, a brief period of thirteen years, 
we find among the names of its graduates those 
of no less than four governors of Maryland, one 
governor of Liberia, seven members of the 
Executive Council, three United States Senators, 
five members of the U. S. House of Eepresenta- 
tives, four Judges of the Court of Appeals (Gen- 
eral Court), eight Judges of other Courts, one 
Attorney-General of the U. S., one U. S. Dis- 
trict Attorney, one Auditor of the U. S. Treas- 
ury, six state senators and fifteen members of 
the House of Delegates; besides foreign consuls, 
officers of the Navy and Army, physicians and 



Hand-Book of Annapolis, 81 

surgeons, distinguislied lawyers, (including a 
cliancellor of S. C.,) college professors and otliers. 
These, also, in addition to many wlio left the 
college without graduating, and engaged in the 
equally honorable and important vocations of 
commercial, agricultural and other industrial 
pursuits. 

From the days of Francis Scott Key until the 
present, yearly there have gone forth from the 
halls of St. John's, alumni whose names lead 
upon the rolls of Maryland's distinguished sons. 
In every honorable profession, in every walk of 
life her graduates may now be found. Though 
the income of the college, from her early days, 
has' remained m emigre, yet St. John's has ever 
held an honorable position among sister insti- 
tutions. 

The outbreak of the Civil War caused a tem- 
porary suspension of work, and the college 
buildings and grounds were surrendered to the 
Fedferal Government to be used, at first as an 
encampment, later for hospital purposes. 

Under the present able administration the 
standard college curriculum has not only been 
ijiaiiitained, but amplified and developed, aud 



82 Hand-Booli of Annapolis. 

a separate scliool established for the prepara- 
tion of candidates for the U. S. Naval Academy. 
The college grounds comprise 26 acres, ex- 
tending to the shores of College creek, and afford 
the students abundant room for sports of every 
sort. 

/ The dormitory to the right of McDowell 
■^ Ha.ll, called Pinkney Hall, after the distin- 
guished William Pinkney, was erected in 1857. 
Humphreys Hall, to the left, was erected in 
1835. 

'The la.rge poplar standing on the front 
campus to the right antedates Annapolis. Un- 
der its spreading arms, tradition saj^s, the Puri- 
tan settlers concluded a treaty with the Indian 
aborigines. Yfasliirigton, Lafayette and Greene 
have been entertained beneath its branches, 
and in later times political ^^ rallies,^^ town- 
meetings and Fourth of July parties assembled 
here. Its girth at the ground is upwards of 
thirty feet and its height about one hundred 
and fifty. 



CHAPTER VII [. 



i\^ ll. ^. J^Iaval Academy. 



Tlie Hon. George Bancroft, wliile Secretary 
of the Navy, founded tlie U. S. Naval Academy 
in 1845, for tlie purpose of educating young 
men for officers of tlie United States Navy. 
xinnapolis was chosen as the most suitable lo- 
cation for such an institution and academic 
routine began October 10, 1845. 

The Academy is under the direct care and 
supervision of the Navy Department. It is 
managed and the instruction is given by officers 
of the Navy detailed for tliat purpose. The 
chief officer of the institution is the superin- 
tendent, who has direct control of the affairs of 
the Academy. 

There is allowed by law one naval cadet for 
every member or delegate of the House of Rep- 
resentatives, one for the District of Columbia 
find ten at large, 



84 Hand- Boole of Annapolis. 

Tlie course of study covers six years, four at 
tlie Academy and two at sea. After graduation 
the cadets are appointed, in order of merit, to 
tlie lower grades of tlie Line, and of tlie Engineer 
corps of tlie Navy, and tlie Marine corps, until 
existing vacancies are filled. Tlie remaining 
graduates are tlien lionorably discharged with 
one year's sea pay. 

The Academy developed steadily until May, 
1861, when, on account of the Civil War, the 
grounds were turned over to the War Depart- 
ment and the Academy was removed to Newport, 
E. I., where the regular routine was continued 
until the summer of 1865, when it was brought 
back to Annapolis where it has since remained. 

The original grounds of the Academy were 
Fort Severn, the buildings belonging to it as 
quarters for the ofiicers attached to the Post 
and nine and one-half acres of land. Fort Sev- 
ern was an Army Post from 1809 to 1845, when 
the War Department turned it over to the Navy 
Department. Changes have been made in the 
Fort and it is now used as a bowling alley and 
store-room, while over it has been built the 
gymnasium which is also used as a dancing hall. 



Hand-Bodk of Annapolis, 85 

Stribling row, leading from tlie gymnasium 
to tlie recitation liall, is named for Rear- Ad- 
miral Stribling, superintendent of the Acad- 
emy, i 850-1853. The buildings in the row were 
erected between 1851 and 1856, and were used as 
cadet quarters until the cadets' new quarters in 
the upper part of the yard were finished. The 
recitation hall was built in 1854. The seaman- 
ship building, standing next to the recitation 
hall, was built in 1846-47. It was altered and en- 
larged in 1853, leaving it as it now stands. An 
extensive and interesting collection of models 
used in the course of instruction in seaman- 
ship and naval architecture occupies a large por- 
tion of the building. 

The U. S. Naval Institute building, standing 
next to the seamanship building, was erected 
for a chapel in 1854 and used for religious serv- 
ices until 1869. Since then it has been success- 
ively used as a gunnery-room, museum and for 
the meetings of the Naval Institute. The ad- 
dition in the rear was built in 1887, and at the 
same time the interior was modified and re- 
paired. Within the cases on the walls is one of 
the largest collections of captured British flags, 



86 Hand-Booli of Annapolis. 

Tlie observatory was Ibuilt in 1853. 

Tlie siiperintendenVs liouse, in Buclianan's 
row, was completed in 1886, replacing the liouse 
wliicli liad been tlie residence of tlie command- 
ants of Fort Severn and of tlie superintendents 
of tlie Academy since its establishment. Tlie 
remaining houses in Buchanan row were the 
quarters of the officers stationed at Fort Severn, 
and have been changed only by the addition of 
one story. Commander Buchanan, for whom 
the row is named, was the first superintendent 
of the Academy. 

The cjuarters for the Marine officers and the 
Marine barracks were built in 1881. 

Porter row was built betv/een 1867-1869, dur- 
ing the administration of Admiral Porter, and 
was named for him. 

The Library is one of the oldest buildings in 
the grounds, having been the residence of the 
governors of Maryland from 1753 till 1866. At 
that time the grounds of the Academy were ex- 
tended by the purchase from the state of Mary- 
land of the governor's house and the tract of 
land between it and Annapolis harbor. The 
upper floor of the house was taken for the offices 



Ha) id- Book of Annapolis. 87 

of tlie superintendent and secretary, and tlie 
Library was arranged on tlie lower floor. Some 
interior clianges were made to adapt tlie build- 
ing to its present use, but the walls remain, 
practically, as built sometime before 1750. An 
addition was built in the rear in 1877, and a 
second extension in 1887. 

In the Chapel, which was built in 1868, is a 
memorial window to Commodore F. A. Parker, 
who died in 1878, while superintendent of the 
Academy ; and on the walls are seven memorial 
tablets to Naval officers. 

The houses in Blake row are occupied by the 
heads of the departments of instruction and 
were built betv,^een 1859-1861. Upon tlie re- 
moval of the Academy to Newport the War De- 
partment established a camj) here and used 
these buildings as a military hospital. 

Goldsborough row was built in 1857 and ex- 
tensively altered in 1874-76. 

The sick quarters were built in 1855. 

The cadets' new quarters were completed in 
1869. On the lower floor are the offices of the 
fvommandant of cadets and the officer-in- 



88 Hand-Book of Annapolis, 

charge, the mess-hall and recitation rooms, 
the upper floors being occupied by cadets. 

The armory, in the rear of the new quarters, ' 
was built in 1881. 

The phj^sical laboratory and steam- engineer- 
ing buildings were built in 1866, but in 1877 the 
former was practically rebuilt and much im- 
proved, making it one of the best adapted and 
equipped laboratories in the country. 

In front of the new quarters is the Tripoli 
monument, erected by a subscription among 
Naval officers, to the memory of those who 
perished in a fire-ship in the harbor of Tripoli, 
1804. The monument originally stood in the 
Washington navy yard and was mutilated by 
the British during their occupation of Washing- 
ton in 1814. By an act of Congress an inscrip- 
tion was placed on it explaining the mutilation 
and it was removed to the west front of the 
Capitol. The broken portions were afterwards 
repaired and, in 1860, it was transferred to its 
present position. 

The brass guns, of French manufacture, in 
front of it were captured at Ve^^a-Cruz, March 
p7, 1847, 



Hand-Booh of Annapolis. 89 

Tlie Midsliipmen's monument, between tlie 
Observatory and tlie Naval Institute building, 
was first placed in tlie center of tlie parade 
ground. It was erected in 1848 by tlie Mid- 
sliipmen of tlie Navy to four of tlieir comrades 
wlio died at Vera-Cruz in 1846-7. 

A granite monument to W. L. Herndon, Com- 
mander, U. S. N., stands in tlie centre of tlie 
grounds, between tlie main walk and Love lane. 
Wliile on leave of absence lie took command of 
tlie passenger steamer '^ Central America/^ of 
tlie California mail line, and in a trip from 
Havana to New York she sprang a leak in a gale. 
He- preserved order, saved tlie lives of tlie wo- 
men and children and went down at his post, 
September 12,1857. 

The Japanese bell hanging near the band- 
stand was presented to Commodore M. C. Perry 
by the Regent of the Lew Chew Islands, July 
12, 1854, and, in accordance with Commodore 
Perry's wish, was presented to the Naval Acad- 
emy by his widow March 4, 1858. 

The original limits of the Academy grounds 
may be approximately defined by continuing 
the line of the walk near the flag-pole past the 



90 Hand-Book of Annapolis, 

end of the seamansliip building to tlie Severn 
river, and from tlie point wliere tlie driveway 
nearest tlie library crosses tliis walk, to Annap- 
olis liarbor. Tlie first addition was made in 1847, 
by the purchase of the land along the Severn 
from the seamanship building to the driveway 
from the main gate, and extending back from 
the Severn nearly to the line of the Herndon 
monument. In 1853 a tract was bought which 
is bounded by the chapel, the new quarters 
and the present city line. In 1866 the line of 
Hanover street was continued to the harbor, 
inclosing the library. Porter row and the ma- 
rine barracks. In 1874 the land back of the 
new quarters to the present line was bought. 
The Academy wall now (1888) incloses fifty 
acres. 

Note. — For information about the personnel 
of the Academy, conditions of admission, 
course of study, &c., see the "Annual Register 
of the U. S. Naval Academy,'^ to be had on ap- 
plication to the Secretary of the Academy. 



Hand-Boole of Annapolis. 91 

NAVAL ORDNANCE PROVING GROUNDS. 

Across tlie Severn, opposite tlie Naval Acad- 
emy, are tlie Naval Ordnance Proving Grounds, 
formerly knoAvn as the Experimental Battery. 

The site was that of old Fort Madison, erected 
by the Government during the War of 1812 and 
named after President Madison. 

The Experimental Battery was established in 
1872 by the Bureau of Ordnance, the old fort 
property and an additional tract, in all about 
eighty-five acres, being secured for the purpose. 

It was to meet a long-felt need of an establish- 
ment, under the supervision of the Ordnance 
Bureau, where experiments in explosives, rifles 
and ordnance might be safely and systemati- 
cally conducted. The Battery has its own de- 
tail of Naval officers, who are chosen, as a rule, 
for special aptitude in this line of work. At 
present most interesting experiments in explo- 
sives and in testing the armament for the new 
U. S. cruisers are in progress. 

NAVAL HOSPITAL. 

The Government Farm property, once known 
as Strawberry Hill; the resideiice of Gov- 



92 Hand-Book of Annapolis. 

ernor Eden, the last colonial governor, was 
purcliased by tlie National Government in 1868. 
At tlie solicitation of Admiral Porter, who "be- 
lieved in the old maxim, " In time of peace 
prepa^re for v/ar,'' a large hospital building was 
erected during the years 1868-9. Fortunately 
and unfortunately the hospital has been useless 
to the Government a.nd the building has been 
allowed to fall into a neglected condition. The 
situation of the hospital is commanding, and 
at one time the grounds and terraces were in 
beautiful condition. A fine viev/ is obtained 
here of Annapolis and its surroundings. 



^>i!i|iF^^<^<= 



JVIilitary, ]\[a¥al arid City Ceirieteries. 



Annapolis is the site of one of the many Na- 
tional Cemeteries which are clotted throughout 
the " Border '^ states and mark the last resting 
places of those who fought to preserve the 
Union in the late Civil War. The National 
Cemetery was established here in 1862 and con- 
tains chiefly the bodies of those who died in 
the military hospitals at Annapolis or in the 
" Parole '^ camp just without its limits. 

The grounds, situated about half a mile to 
the west of the city, are tastefully laid out and 
surrounded by a stone wall. The total num- 
ber of interments is 2,482; of these 211 were 
not known at the time of burial, but 2,271 are 
known and the headstones marked. 

The Naval Cemetery occupies a portion of the 
Government Hospital grounds, across College 
creek from Annapolis. The situation is com- 
manding, upon a bold bluff jutting out into 



04 Hand-Book of AnnapoUs, 

Severn river. The grounds are well laid out 
in walks and drives, and offer the advantages 
of a park to the townsfolk. ' Lockwood, the hero 
of the ill-fated Greely expedition is buried here. 
Here also are buried the officers and crew of 
the U. S. S. Huron, which was wrecked upon 
the North Carolina coast in 1871, and many who 
have been connected with the Naval Academy. 
The City Cemetery, formerly within the en- 
closure of St. Anne's church, is now upon the 
banks of College creek, on the outskirts of 
Annapolis. 



^'^^^^55;2:i:*§j!l=> 



.^nriapolis ]\[ot:es. 



The German I.ntlieran cliurch was found ed 
in Annapolis in 1874, and the corner-stone of 
St. Martin's church, on Francis street, was laid 
June 7, 1875. The present pastor is Rev. Paul 
A. Menzel. His flock number about seventy- 
five. 



The Second Methodist church, Wesley Chapel, 
was started in 1870, and the chapel on Mary- 
land avenue was built that year. 



The colored churches, besides St. Philip's 
already mentioned, are the Asbury M. E. 
church, established here in 1803, and the Mount 
Moriah A. M. E. church, established in 1876. 



Masonry in Maryland took root first at An- 



96 Hand-Bo ok of Annapolis > 

napolis, and a lodge was in existence here as 
early as 1750. To-day every degree is repre- 
sented here. 



The assessed value of property in Annapolis 
is about $2,500,000. This, however, does not 
include national, state or county property. The 
average yearly tax of 80 cents on $100 yields 
about $15,000. 



The first theatre in AmericaVas built at An- 
napolis and was in full operation in 1752. 



The average attendance of children at the 
public schools of Annapolis is, white, 450 ; 
colored, 300. The teachers number twenty for 
the white and six for the colored schools. 

The streets of Annapolis have, many of them, 
historic names. Duke of Gloucester, Hanover, 
Prince George and King George were named 
during the ascendency of the Hanoverians in 
England ; Fleet, Cornhill, &c., after London 
streets ; Bladen, Green, Scott, Calvert, &c., after 
distinguished Mary landers; and those radiat- 



Hand-Book of Annapolis. 97 

ing from the State House originally after tlie 
points of the compass. School, Shipwright, 
Doctor and Market streets received their names 
from the trades practiced thereon, while Church, 
Governor and Tabernacle streets had a simpler 
origin. 



The old iron cannon half buried on State- 
House hill formed, two hundred years ago, part 
of the defense of St. Mary's Fort at the old 
provincial capital. It lay under water for two 
centuries and when found was thoroughly en- 
crusted with oysters. Cannon were not then, 
as now, used in defense of the bivalve. 



To study the antiquities and traditions of An- 
napolis and the locality the Anne Arundel His- 
torical Society was inaugurated in 1885. Its 
active membership now numbers about fifty. 
The present work is their first publication. 
The ofia.cers for the present year are. Presi- 
dent, Nicholas Brewer ; Vice-President, Frank 
B. Mayer ; Treasurer, J. Shaaff Stockett ; Secre- 
tary, J. Harwood Iglehart ; Directors, L. Dorsey 

Gassaway and Daniel R. Randall. 
5 




(2/3 — <^ 1'he i' Gity-> of -> Queem- /Irine. 

(2--5 •4'° <2^^V^ ■*" ffsG 



A sceptered city on a sea-girt throne ! 
Neptune and Ceres clasp her circling zone; 
Mars, fiery helmed, and chaste Minerva wise 
In the state's temple wait on sacrifice. 

regal offspring of a royal name ! 

To thee a chartered freedom hope-crowned came 

To guard the fane of Liberty thy trust, 

And humble Wrong and Treason in the dust. 

Hallowed in history be thy noble deeds 
When Havoc wild unloosed Mars' fiery steeds; 
But glorious still when Peace and Plenty smiled 
And the stern warrior kissed the prattling child. 

Proud of thy past, thy future yet unfolded 
May blessings bring in golden ingots moulded. 
Or, diamond bright, the words of fire expanding 
May rule, the realm of Mind commanding. 
Annapolis, 1888. M. 



St. JOHN'S College, 



ANNAPOLIS, MD. 



Boarding; Department. 

Students of St. John's College board either in the college 
commons, private families or clubs, as their parents or 
guardians may desire. 

The charge for board in the college commons, including 
room-rent, table-board, attendance, fuel, lights and washing, 
is $200, which is at the rate of $5 per week for the session of 
forty weeks. 
Tuition .$40 to $ 75 00 

Total expenses for students who board in clubs: 

Collegiate Department 215 00 

Preparatory Department $180 to 200 00 

Special rates and scholarships for sons of the clergy. Sit- 
uation unsurpassed for beauty and healthfulness. 
• 

Preparatory Scbool for Candidates for tbe U. S. Kaval 
Academy. 

The members of the Faculty of St. John's College are thor- 
oughly qualified for the work of preparing candidates for the 
Naval Academy, by special knowledge of the requirements 
for admission. 

To those who enter at the beginning of this term, the 
charge will be at the rate of $15 per month. For one month 
or less $25. Board can be obtained at the college (including 
fuel, lights and washing) for per month $25. 

The members of the Faculty call attention to the special 
advantages derived from the location of the school, afford- 
ing opportunities for frequent visitation to the Academy and 
inspection of its various departments, particularly that of 
steam and machinery. 

For further information address the Principal, 

THOMAS FEIili, A. M., 

St. Jobn's Colleg'e, Annapolis, Md. 






CHARLES LINDENBORN, 



Proprietor. 




rt^His popular and well known house is now prepared to ac- 
* commodate 

Transient or Permanent Boarders 

at REASONABLE RATES. The house is newly furnished through- 
out, and has every convenience and comfort of a 

The rooms are large and airy, and the table is constantly 

SUPPLIED WITH ALL THE DELICACIES OF THE SEASON. PcrSOnS 

visiting Annapolis will consult their own interest and com- 
fort by stopping at this hotel. Every attention is paid to the 
guests of this house. 
Traosient Board per clay $3. Per Moiitli at Special Rates. 






AND MANUFACTURER OF 

3I0NU MENTAL and CEMETERY WORK. 

Ko. 77 Marylancl Avenue, Aiiiiapolis. 



Persons in tonclino: purchasing- TOMBSTONES or MOS Ui»fENTS 
in the future will find it to their advantage to leave their orders now. 
Will take pleasure in calling-, with new designs, on anyone at their 
residence. 

W. B. FE5JTON, 
, 67 Maryland Avenue, Annal)Olis. 



MEN'S, YOUTHS' AND BOYS' 

CLOTHING ! 

Lry Goods^ Hosiery, Motions, ^c-, 

TRUNKS, BAGS ANO UMBREI.L.AS, 

Carpets, Matting and Oil Cloth, 
Cor, Main Street and Marlcet Space^ Annapolis. 



JAMES ME YELL, 

ANNAPOLIS, MD. ^ 
E. O. QANTT, 

ANNAPOLIS, MD. 
F.H.SIOCKETT, 

j^Ta:oK.isrji]Y-^vT-iL.A."w, 

ANNAPOLIS, MD. 

J. WIRT RANDALL, 

j^.Ta:o:R.XNrSY".A-T--L^"V7", 
ANNAPOLIS, MD. 

S. T, McCULLOUGH, 

ANNAPOLIS, MD. 
JAMES R. BRASHEARS, 

ANNAPOLIS, MD. 
DANIEL R. RANDALL, 

ANNAPOLIS, MD. 



L4W(S; REAL ESTATE QMIQ4' 

Clifi^Pl:[0]V[E|F0l?'^jtLE 

i^giir A^Xi^ ARUK1>EL AND ADJoixVlNG COIJUTTIFSI 

Fine Fisli ai^d Oysters Aboiirid I 



LANDS ADAPTEQ TO THE &ROWTH OF GRAIN, FRUIT AND VEGETABLES! 



FIFTY SPLENDID PROPERTIES 

In Anne Arundel fnd^djoining Counties^mid convenient to rail- 
road and Mteatnhoat tratispdrtation, and accessible to Baltimore 
and Washington Markets! 



Great Barerains m^y be had by making Applicaxion at once! 



. • ' AppM f&i^ '<!dialo{fne •to—i . 
a:ta(r- i ^ r UEORWE T. MELVIN, 

ATTORNEY-AT-LAW, 

' . J '. 1 . -, 1 Office coK. ^^^Vs ^t. & Church Circle, 
. • . iVnng^oli?, Md, . 

5* -■ ',.-'.> ■ '■■ • ■ ' ^ 



ifSff © I 



EXTENDS THROUGH FROM 



iS M^in gireetta S^* & Smci^ gireet 



FINE 

Chemicals, 

. CHOICE 

Perfumery! 




SURGICAL 

Appliances! 

MINERAL 
"Waters ! 



And everything usually kept in a 

FIRST-CLASS PHARMACY! 

This is the Oldest and Leading Drug Store in Annapolis ! 
— WELL STOCKED WITH — 



PURE DRUGS, 



BOTH FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC ! 

We extend a cordial invitation to every one to visit our 
Establishment, whether they wish to buy or not, 

J. WALTER HODGES & CO., 

Druggists and Chemists. 



HODGES' IRON TONIC ! 

Pronounced by physicians and the public the best known for 
Debility, Indigestion, &c. ! 



THE WORTH INGTON 

Prescription Counter. 



IF" .-_'X3£:3iTi':E::o .^-piz^. 




Commended by the Americaii Dniqgist and the Druggists' Circular, of 
New York; The Drue-gists' Journal of Philadelphia; Profs. J. J. Chis- 
olm and Nathan R. Smith, of Baltimore ; thp Medical Departments of 
the United States Army and Navy, and other high authority as the very 
Best <levice known for comitonndinir Medical Prescriptions 
Saves time, saves labor, and protects human life. 

DM. J. MU8E WORTHINOTON, 

Annapolis, Md. 



— =s-x\r5j ISO©.- 



^'k^^ 



ISSS- G)/?^S>o— 



"iisiiiiiiiiiiiliiiiiiii% 



j> 



GEORGE T. MEEVIX, Editor aucl Proprietor. 




1 


Exce:^ 


lii 


TIONAi 


Jk;! "■ 


xidvant 


iiiiii. 
jii 


to' Ad- 


1 . 


vertis- 


1 


ers I ' 



■■■: an(} throiLgliont the Slate I 

SURi^CRIPTIOy, ONE I>OEEAR A YEAR. 

Advertising rates moderate, and fiirnislied on application. 

Of all kinds and styles done' promptly and at low pricesT' 
Address, REPUBLICAN OFFICE, 

.. . .. , , , . Cor. Main§t. and Church 'Circle,- 

: > -'- -^ . ^' ' . ^ aiid 45 Buke of -Gloucester St. 

;iZ •; : - : :\, f\ Annapolis, Md. 



BD *fc 



26 







3T. AUGUSTINE^, .S ^ oVJIAK * ^T '^ 



D0B6S BROS. 

LIBRARY BINDING ^ 



/^^%\ FLA. 



32084 ,0 



''^<.' 
% 







N>*_ ^-^ 



>> .^ 



